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20Q: Ankyloglossia - Myths and Evidence Regarding Its Effects on Function

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1.  What is the purpose of a frenulum? (Q2)
  1. To assist in movement of an anatomical structure
  2. To stabilize and check undue movement of the moveable structure
  3. To eliminate movement of an anatomical structure
  4. To hold two anatomical structures together
2.  Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of ankyloglossia? (Q6)
  1. Inability to touch the tongue tip to the alveolar ridge with the mouth open
  2. Inability to protrude the tongue tip past the mandibular incisors
  3. Square edge of the tongue during protrusion
  4. A notch in the midline of the tongue during protrusion,
3.  Which of the following statements is true about the prevalence of ankyloglossia? (Q8)
  1. It is diagnosed in approximately 20% of newborn infants
  2. It is diagnosed in approximately 15% of newborn infants
  3. There has been a decrease in the diagnosis of ankyloglossia in newborns in the United States over the last few decades
  4. The prevalence is unclear, partly because the diagnosis is somewhat subjective
4.  Which of the following statements is true? (Q4)
  1. Posterior tongue tie affects speech
  2. ENTs and SLPs generally agree that a posterior tongue tie affects feeding
  3. There is no evidence that posterior attachment of the frenulum affects feeding
  4. There is clinical evidence that posterior tongue-tie affects feeding
5.  How is ankyloglossia typically diagnosed? (Q6)
  1. Through standardized measurement of the lingual frenulum
  2. Through visual observation of structure and observation of functional limitations of lingual movement
  3. Through a speech evaluation that shows backing of lingual-alveolars
  4. Through objective measurement of the lingual frenulum
6.  Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the research findings of the effects of ankyloglossia on infant feeding? (Q11)
  1. Most infants with ankyloglossia can breastfeed without surgical intervention
  2. Most infants with ankyloglossia require frenotomies to successfully breastfeed
  3. AHRQ found that frenotomy may reduce nipple pain in breast feeding mothers
  4. AHRQ found that the strength of the evidence regarding the effect of ankyloglossia on infant feeding is low to insufficient
7.  Which of the following statements is true about the association of ankyloglossia and speech disorders? (Q13)
  1. There are many high-quality studies that prove that ankyloglossia can affect speech production
  2. Several recent high-quality systematic reviews have NOT found an association between ankyloglossia and speech disorders
  3. Frenulotomy has been found to significantly improve speech sound production
  4. All of the above are true
8.  What is a possible compensatory production for the /l/ when the lingual frenulum is attached to the tongue tip? (Q14)
  1. Produce the sound with the tongue tip down, which causes the dorsum of the tongue to articulate against the alveolar ridge
  2. Produce the sound with the tongue tip against the maxillary incisors
  3. Produce the sound with the tongue tip against the mandibular incisors
  4. Produce the sound with the tongue tip retruded
9.  What speech sound is most likely to be affected by ankyloglossia? (Q14)
  1. /r/
  2. /t/
  3. Lingual trill (rolled /r/)
  4. /l/
10.  Which of the following is a potentially serious complication that can lead to upper airway obstruction and swallowing difficulties? (Q19)
  1. Excessive bleeding
  2. Scarring that further ties the tongue tip to the floor of the mandible
  3. Unstable tongue movement
  4. Glossoptosis
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